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Signs and images claim to represent something real, but no representation is taking place and arbitrary images are merely suggested as things which they have no relationship to. Third, Baudrillard examines how the copy becomes the reality, which might not exist: “The third stage masks the absence of a profound reality, where the sign pretends to be a faithful copy, but it is a copy with no original.

Here, signs and images do not faithfully reveal reality to us, but can hint at the existence of an obscure reality which the sign itself is incapable of encapsulating.” Second, he discusses how the copy comes to obscure reality: “The second stage is perversion of reality, this is where we come to believe the sign to be an unfaithful copy, which ‘masks and denatures’ reality as an ‘evil appearance-it is of the order of maleficence’. First, he talks about the first copy of an image: “The first stage is a faithful image/copy, where we believe, and it may even be correct, that a sign is a ‘reflection of a profound reality’, this is a good appearance, in what Baudrillard called ‘the sacramental order.'” He states: Simulation is the imitation of the operation of a real-world process or system over time.” These are copies throughout time.īaudrillard discusses the sign-order in four stages. Next, Baudrillard discusses his concept of simulacra. The simulacrum is true.” Here, the simulation are copies, which may or may not depict a real thing. Baudrillard states: “The simulacrum is never that which conceals the truth-it is the truth which conceals that there is none. To begin, Baudrillard discusses his concept of simulation. Although the lack of distinctions between reality and simulacra result in various phenomena, Baudrillard says we live in a hyper reality society- an unreal world, essentially, that some say has no basis in reality.

In the following analysis, I will examine the Post Marxism of Jean Baudrillard in his book “Simulacra and Simulation.” Specifically, I will discuss his concepts of simulation and simulacra, the four stages of sign-order, and the historical periods of simulation and simulacra.